Interactive sample COA — Root to Rise

Northbank Analytical

Fictional teaching laboratory

Certificate of AnalysisIllustrative release report

Product and batch identity Explore ↗

Product Harbour Garden T23

Dosage form Dried cannabis flower

Batch / lot R2R-2410-07

Sample ID NB-2410-118

Sampled 7 Oct 2026

Tested 9–11 Oct 2026

Report date 12 Oct 2026

Sample type Finished flower

Report no. NB-COA-1082

Cannabinoid potency Explore ↗

Analyte	Result (% w/w)	Equivalent (mg/g)	Reading note
THCA	25.40	254.0	Acid form
Delta-9 THC	0.70	7.0	Neutral form
Total potential THC	22.98	229.8	THC + (THCA × 0.877)
CBDA	0.12	1.2	Acid form
CBD	0.08	0.8	Neutral form
Total potential CBD	0.19	1.9	CBD + (CBDA × 0.877), rounded

Results are fictional. “Total potential” is a calculation, not an absorbed dose. 1% w/w = 10 mg/g for flower.

Terpene profile Explore ↗

Measured terpene	Result (% w/w)	Equivalent (mg/g)
Beta-myrcene	0.54	5.4
Beta-caryophyllene	0.38	3.8
D-limonene	0.31	3.1
Linalool	0.12	1.2
Alpha-pinene	0.08	0.8
Other reported terpenes	0.27	2.7
Total reported terpenes	1.70	17.0

The total sums the listed illustrative results. It is not a clinical effect score.

Contaminant and quality checks Explore ↗

Test	Example result	Example limit	Outcome
Aflatoxins (total)	<1 µg/kg	NMT 4 µg/kg	Meets
Ochratoxin A	<1 µg/kg	NMT 20 µg/kg	Meets
Arsenic	<0.05 mg/kg	NMT 3 mg/kg	Meets
Cadmium	0.08 mg/kg	NMT 0.5 mg/kg	Meets
Lead	<0.05 mg/kg	NMT 5 mg/kg	Meets
Mercury	<0.02 mg/kg	NMT 0.1 mg/kg	Meets
Pesticides	Target panel: no result above its limits	See analyte list*	Meets
Total aerobic microbial count	<10 CFU/g	NMT 100 CFU/g	Meets
Total yeast and mould count	<10 CFU/g	NMT 10 CFU/g	Meets
Specified microorganisms	Not detected in test portion	Absent	Meets
Foreign matter	<0.1%	NMT 2%	Meets

*For a real report, request the named pesticide analyte list, methods and limits. All limits here are illustrative, not a statement of Australian legal specifications.

Methods, units and reporting limits Explore ↗

Category	Illustrative method	What to check
Cannabinoids	Validated LC method	THCA and THC reported separately
Terpenes	Validated GC-MS method	Which terpenes were in the panel
Metals	Validated ICP-MS method	Result and limit in mg/kg
Pesticides / mycotoxins	Validated targeted methods	Named analytes and reporting limits
Microbiology	Validated count / absence methods	CFU/g and test portion

ND = not detected under the method. NT = not tested. LOD = detection limit. LOQ = quantification limit. NMT = not more than.

Release summary and test coverage Explore ↗

Example disposition: Meets listed release checks

Reviewed: 12 Oct 2026 · Fictional QA reviewer

Plant growth regulators: No named PGR panel shown

Request the target analyte list; do not infer absence.

Example names to ask about: paclobutrazol, daminozide and chlormequat chloride. These are questions, not findings in this fictional sample. A real sponsor may hold further quality evidence that is not printed in a public COA. GMP manufacturing evidence and lab test accreditation are different.

Fictional teaching sample only. Product, laboratory, lot, values, limits, methods and disposition are invented to demonstrate how to read a broader release-style COA. It does not certify any medicine or replace Australian regulatory requirements.

Step 1 of 6

1. Match the batch

Start with identity. This report only helps you if its batch or lot number maps to the product you actually have.

Look for

Product name and dosage form
Batch / lot number on your container
Sample, test and report dates

Why it matters

A COA describes a sample from a specific batch. The same product name can have a different report next time.

What this cannot tell you

The sample does not represent every individual flower. If a sample ID is shown instead of the retail lot, ask the brand to confirm the link.

Try it

Which tub matches the sample report: R2R-2410-06 or R2R-2410-07?

Check the answer

R2R-2410-07. The lot numbers match.

Choose another step above or select a heading in the sample report.

Step 2 of 6

2. Read cannabinoids

Look at THC, THCA and the lab’s definition of “total”. The big number is often a calculated potential, not a direct measure of dose.

Look for

THCA and delta-9 THC as separate rows
The total potential THC calculation
Units: % w/w or mg/g

Why it matters

Here, 25.40% THCA × 0.877 + 0.70% delta-9 THC = 22.98% total potential THC. Also, 22.98% = 229.8 mg/g.

What this cannot tell you

Potential THC cannot tell you how much is released, inhaled or absorbed. Check the lab’s formula rather than adding THCA and THC directly.

Choose another step above or select a heading in the sample report.

Step 3 of 6

3. Explore terpenes

These numbers describe measured chemistry in this sample. They can help you compare batches, but they do not predict your personal response.

Look for

Individual terpene names and % w/w
Total reported terpenes
Whether the panel was actually included

Why it matters

0.54% beta-myrcene means about 5.4 mg per gram of flower. It does not mean 54% of the terpene profile.

What this cannot tell you

A higher total is not a proven measure of quality or effect. Different panels may include different compounds, and volatile compounds can change with storage.

Choose another step above or select a heading in the sample report.

Step 4 of 6

4. Check contaminants

Compare each reported result with its stated limit. Read “meets” or “pass” as a result for that test, not a blanket guarantee.

Look for

Mycotoxins, metals and pesticides
Microbial counts and specified organisms
Result, unit and acceptance limit

Why it matters

A result such as cadmium 0.08 mg/kg is measured against the report’s stated limit. “<” means below a reporting threshold, not necessarily zero.

What this cannot tell you

A pesticide summary can hide the individual analytes. Ask for the named panel. A missing row cannot tell you whether a compound was absent, untested or reported elsewhere.

Choose another step above or select a heading in the sample report.

Step 5 of 6

5. Look at methods and limits

The legend and methods tell you what the lab measured and how sensitively it could report a result.

Look for

ND, NT, LOD, LOQ and NMT definitions
A method suitable for each test
Whether results use dry-weight or as-received basis

Why it matters

“Not detected” applies only to the named analyte and that method’s limit. “Not tested” provides no result at all.

What this cannot tell you

Laboratory accreditation and manufacturing GMP describe different quality systems. An overseas format may differ while Australian supply requirements still apply.

Choose another step above or select a heading in the sample report.

Step 6 of 6

6. Bring it together

Check the release summary, then name the questions this document still leaves open.

Look for

Whether the report is a full release summary or a partial panel
Approval or review details
Missing analyte lists or separate reports

Why it matters

This fictional report shows broad categories, yet its pesticide list and any named plant growth regulator panel are not supplied.

What this cannot tell you

“PGR” is a broad category, not one universal test. A missing name does not prove presence, absence or a lack of testing. Flower appearance cannot establish exposure.

Ask about named compounds

Examples: paclobutrazol (PBZ), daminozide (Alar) and chlormequat chloride. Are these on the test panel for your lot? What are the results and reporting limits?

Health Canada lists the first two in its cannabis pesticide panel. It is an overseas example, not an Australian testing rule.

A smoke-transfer study shows possible exposure from deliberately spiked cannabis, not a clinical cancer outcome. IARC classifies a daminozide breakdown product as possibly carcinogenic based on animal evidence. EPA IRIS has not assessed paclobutrazol for cancer. These findings do not quantify a patient’s risk from cannabis flower.

For community context, see Friendly Aussie Buds; its visual and cancer claims go further than these studies support. Ask your pharmacist or the brand/sponsor for your exact batch and its full analyte list.

Choose another step above or select a heading in the sample report.

Read a sample COA

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